1994.bib

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@inproceedings{hochberg-arpa94,
  author = {Hochberg, M. and Renals, S. and Robinson, T.},
  booktitle = {Proc. ARPA Spoken Language Technology Workshop},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {102--105},
  categories = {},
  title = {{Abbot}: The {CUED} hybrid {connectionist/HMM} large vocabulary recognition system}
}

@incollection{morgan-guyonbook94,
  editor = {Guyon, I. and Wang, P. S. P.},
  author = {Morgan, N. and Bourlard, H. and Renals, S. and Cohen, M. and Franco, H.},
  publisher = {World Scientific Publications},
  title = {Hybrid neural network/hidden {Markov} model systems for continuous speech recognition},
  series = {Series in Machine Perception and Artificial Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Advances in Pattern Recognition Systems using Neural Networks Technologies},
  volume = {7},
  year = {1994},
  categories = {}
}

@inproceedings{hochberg-icslp94,
  author = {Hochberg, M. and Renals, S. and Robinson, T. and Kershaw, D.},
  title = {Large vocabulary continuous speech recognition using a hybrid {connectionist/HMM} system},
  booktitle = {Proc. ICSLP},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Yokohama},
  pages = {1499--1502},
  categories = {}
}

@inproceedings{Taylor_1994_c,
  author = {Taylor, Paul A. and Black, Alan W.},
  ps = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1994/Taylor_1994_c.ps},
  title = {Synthesizing Conversational Intonation from a Linguistically Rich Input},
  booktitle = {Second ESCA/IEEE Workshop on Speech Synthesis, New York},
  year = {1994},
  pdf = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1994/Taylor_1994_c.pdf},
  categories = {synthesis, intonation, chatr}
}

@inproceedings{Black_1994_a,
  author = {Black, Alan W. and Taylor, Paul A.},
  booktitle = {Spring meeting, Acoustical society of Japan},
  year = {1994},
  categories = {synthesis, intonation, chatr},
  title = {A Framework for Generating Prosody from High Level Linguistics Descriptions}
}

@inproceedings{Williams_1994_c,
  author = {Williams, Briony J.},
  title = {Diphone synthesis for {W}elsh},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics},
  volume = {16},
  part = {5},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {359-365},
  categories = {welsh, synthesis}
}

@inproceedings{Forsyth_1994_b,
  author = {Forsyth, Mark and Jack, M. A.},
  ps = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1994/Forsyth_1994_b.ps},
  title = {Discriminating semi-continuous {HMM} for speaker verification.},
  booktitle = {Proc. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing},
  year = {1994},
  pdf = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1994/Forsyth_1994_b.pdf},
  categories = {verification}
}

@inproceedings{Black_1994_c,
  author = {Black, Alan W. and Taylor, Paul A.},
  ps = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1994/Black_1994_c.ps},
  title = {Assigning Intonation Elements and Prosodic Phrasing for {English} Speech Synthesis from High Level Linguistic Input},
  booktitle = {ICSLP94},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {2},
  address = {Yokohama, Japan},
  pdf = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1994/Black_1994_c.pdf},
  pages = {715-718},
  categories = {synthesis, intonation, chatr}
}

@article{renals-sap94,
  author = {Renals, S. and Morgan, N. and Bourlard, H. and Cohen, M. and Franco, H.},
  ps = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1994/sap94.ps.gz},
  title = {Connectionist probability estimators in {HMM} speech recognition},
  journal = {IEEE Trans. on Speech and Audio Processing},
  abstract = {We are concerned with integrating connectionist networks into a hidden Markov model (HMM) speech recognition system. This is achieved through a statistical interpretation of connectionist networks as probability estimators. We review the basis of HMM speech recognition and point out the possible benefits of incorporating connectionist networks. Issues necessary to the construction of a connectionist HMM recognition system are discussed, including choice of connectionist probability estimator. We describe the performance of such a system, using a multi-layer perceptron probability estimator, evaluated on the speaker-independent DARPA Resource Management database. In conclusion, we show that a connectionist component improves a state-of-the-art HMM system.},
  volume = {2},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {161--175},
  categories = {}
}

@inproceedings{Shimodaira1994ICASSP,
  author = {Shimodaira, Hiroshi and Nakai, Mitsuru},
  title = {Prosodic Phrase Segmentation by Pitch Pattern Clustering},
  booktitle = {Proc. ICASSP-94, 76.5, vol.II},
  abstract = {This paper proposes a novel method for detecting the optimal sequence of prosodic phrases from continuous speech based on data-driven approach. The pitch pattern of input speech is divided into prosodic segments which minimized the overall distortion with pitch pattern templates of accent phrases by using the One Pass search algorithm. The pitch pattern templates are designed by clustering a large number of training samples of accent phrases. On the ATR continuous speech database uttered by 10 speakers, the rate of correct segmentation was 91.7 \% maximum for the same sex data of training and testing, 88.6 \% for the opposite sex.},
  month = {March},
  note = {},
  year = {1994},
  pdf = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1994/Shimodaira1994ICASSP.pdf},
  pages = {185--188},
  categories = {F0, jaist}
}

@incollection{renals-nips94,
  editor = {Cowan, J. D. and Tesauro, G. and Alspector, J.},
  author = {Renals, S. and Hochberg, M. and Robinson, T.},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  title = {Learning temporal dependencies in connectionist speech recognition},
  booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
  ps = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1994/1051.ps.gz},
  volume = {6},
  year = {1994},
  pdf = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1994/1051.pdf},
  pages = {1051--1058},
  categories = {}
}

@inproceedings{Black_1994_b,
  author = {Black, Alan W. and Taylor, Paul A.},
  ps = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1994/Black_1994_b.ps},
  title = {{CHATR}: A Generic Speech Synthesis System},
  booktitle = {COLING '94},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {2},
  address = {Kyoto, Japan},
  pdf = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1994/Black_1994_b.pdf},
  pages = {983-986},
  categories = {synthesis, systems, chatr}
}

@article{Nakai1994IEICE06,
  author = {Nakai, Mitsuru and Shimodaira, Hiroshi and Sagayama, Shigeki},
  note = {(in Japanese)},
  title = {{Prosodic Phrase Segmentation Based on Pitch-Pattern Clustering}},
  journal = {Electronics and Communications in Japan, Part 3},
  number = {6},
  month = {June},
  volume = {77},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {80--91},
  categories = {F0, jaist}
}

@inproceedings{Hitzeman_1994_a,
  author = {Hitzeman, Janet},
  ps = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1994/Hitzeman_1994_a.ps},
  school = {Cornell University},
  title = {A Reichenbachian Account of the Interaction of the Present Perfect with Temporal Adverbials},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the conference on Semantics and Linguistic Theory, Cornell Working Papers},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {10},
  address = {Cornell, NY, USA},
  pdf = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1994/Hitzeman_1994_a.pdf},
  pages = {107-126},
  categories = {semantics}
}

@article{Williams_1994_b,
  author = {Williams, Briony J. and Hiller, S.},
  ps = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1994/Williams_1994_b.ps},
  title = {The question of randomness in {E}nglish foot timing: a control experiment},
  journal = {Journal of Phonetics},
  volume = {22},
  year = {1994},
  pdf = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1994/Williams_1994_b.pdf},
  pages = {423-439},
  categories = {prosody}
}

@inproceedings{renals-icslp94,
  author = {Renals, S. and Hochberg, M.},
  ps = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1994/icslp94-gamma.ps.gz},
  title = {Using {Gamma} filters to model temporal dependencies in speech},
  booktitle = {Proc. ICSLP},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Yokohama},
  pages = {1491--1494},
  categories = {}
}

@article{Nakai1994IEICE02,
  author = {Nakai, Mitsuru and Shimodaira, Hiroshi and Sagayama, Shigeki},
  note = {(in Japanese)},
  title = {Prosodic Phrase Segmentation Based on Pitch-Pattern Clustering},
  journal = {Trans. IEICE (A)},
  number = {2},
  month = {February},
  volume = {J77-A},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {206--214},
  categories = {F0, jaist}
}

@inproceedings{shig94,
  author = {Shiga, Yoshinori and Hara, Yoshiyuki and Nitta, Tsuneo},
  title = {A novel segment-con\-cat\-e\-na\-tion algorithm for a cepstrum-based synthesizer},
  booktitle = {Proc. ICSLP},
  volume = {4},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {1783--1786},
  categories = {speech, synthesis, unit, concatenation, cepstrum, toshiba}
}

@inproceedings{Williams_1994_d,
  author = {Williams, Briony J.},
  address = {Yokohama, Japan},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1994 International Conference on Spoken Language Processing},
  year = {1994},
  categories = {welsh, synthesis},
  title = {Diphone synthesis for the {W}elsh language}
}

@inproceedings{Nakai1994ICSLP,
  author = {Nakai, Mitsuru and Shimodaira, Hiroshi},
  title = {{Accent Phrase Segmentation by Finding N-best Sequences of Pitch Pattern Templates}},
  journal = {},
  month = {September},
  pages = {347--350},
  year = {1994},
  pdf = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1994/Nakai1994ICSLP.pdf},
  booktitle = {Proc. ICSLP94, 8.10},
  categories = {F0, jaist}
}

@article{Williams_1994_a,
  author = {Williams, Briony J.},
  ps = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1994/Williams_1994_a.ps},
  title = {Welsh Letter-to-Sound Rules: Rewrite Rules and Two-Level Rules Compared},
  journal = {Computer Speech and Language},
  volume = {8},
  year = {1994},
  pdf = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1994/Williams_1994_a.pdf},
  pages = {261-277},
  categories = {welsh, phonetics}
}

@phdthesis{Bagshaw_phd,
  author = {Bagshaw, P. C.},
  school = {University of Edinburgh},
  year = {1994},
  categories = {intonation},
  title = {Automatic Prosodic Analysis for Computer Aided Pronunciation Teaching}
}

@inproceedings{robinson-icassp94,
  author = {Robinson, T. and Hochberg, M. and Renals, S.},
  title = {{IPA}: Improved phone modelling with recurrent neural networks},
  booktitle = {Proc IEEE ICASSP},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Adelaide},
  pages = {37--40},
  categories = {}
}

@inproceedings{Forsyth_1994_a,
  author = {Forsyth, Mark and Bagshaw, P. C. and Jack, M. A.},
  ps = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1994/Forsyth_1994_a.ps},
  title = {Incorporating discriminating observation probabilities ({DOP}) into semi-continuous hmm for speaker verification},
  booktitle = {Proc. ESCA workshop on Automatic Speaker Recognition, Identification and Verification},
  year = {1994},
  address = {Martigny, Switzerland},
  pdf = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1994/Forsyth_1994_a.pdf},
  pages = {19-22},
  categories = {verification}
}

@inproceedings{hochberg-nnsp94,
  author = {Hochberg, M. and Cook, G. and Renals, S. and Robinson, T.},
  ps = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1994/nnsp94.ps.gz},
  title = {Connectionist model combination for large vocabulary speech recognition},
  booktitle = {IEEE Proc. Neural Networks for Signal Processing},
  volume = {4},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {269--278},
  categories = {}
}

@inproceedings{Niemann94:PDCa,
  author = {Niemann, H. and Denzler, J. and Kahles, B. and Kompe, R. and Kießling, A. and Nöth, E. and Strom, V.},
  ps = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1994/report-33-94.ps},
  title = {Pitch Determination Considering Laryngealization Effects in Spoken Dialogs},
  booktitle = {Proc. Int. Conf. on Neuronal Networks},
  year = {1994},
  abstract = {A frequent phenomen in spoken dialogs of the information seeking type are short elliptic utterances whose mood (declarative or interrogative) can only be distinguished by intonation. The main acoustic evidence is conveyed by the fundamental frequency or F0 contour. Many algorithms for F0 determination have been reported in the literature. A common problem are irregularities of speech known as laryngealizations. This article describes an approach based on neuronal network techniques for the improved determination of fundamental frequency. First, an improved version of our neuronal network algorithm for reconstruction of the voice source signal (glottis signal) is presented. Second, the reconstructed voice source signal is used as input to another neuronal network destinguishing the three classes 'voiceless', 'voiced-non-laryngealized', and 'voiced-laryngealized'. Third, the results are used to improve an existing F0 algorithm. Results of this approach are presented and discussed in the context of the application in a spoken dialog system.},
  volume = {7},
  address = {Orlando},
  pdf = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1994/report-33-94.pdf},
  pages = {4457--4461},
  categories = {prosody, laryngealisation}
}