1996.bib

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@inproceedings{Hunt_1996_a,
  author = {Andrew Hunt and Alan W. Black},
  title = {Unit Selection in a Concatenative Speech Synthesis
                   System Using a Large Speech Database},
  booktitle = {ICASSP-96},
  volume = 1,
  pages = {373-376},
  address = {Atlanta, Georgia},
  categories = {synthesis, waveform generation, unit selection, chatr},
  key = {Hunt \& Black},
  pdf = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1996/Hunt_1996_a.pdf},
  ps = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1996/Hunt_1996_a.ps},
  year = 1996
}
@book{Knowles_1996_a,
  author = {G Knowles and L. Taylor and B. Williams},
  title = {A corpus of formal {B}ritish {E}nglish speech},
  categories = {database},
  year = 1996
}
@article{Keeni1996IEICE,
  author = {Kanad Keeni and Hiroshi Shimodaira and Tetsuro Nishino
                   and Yasuo Tan},
  title = {{Recognition of Devanagari Characters Using Neural
                   Networks}},
  journal = {IEICE},
  volume = {E79-D},
  number = {5},
  pages = {523--528},
  categories = {character-recognition, ann, jaist},
  month = may,
  year = 1996
}
@mastersthesis{Dusterhoff_1996_b,
  author = {K. Dusterhoff},
  title = {Intone: A prototype intonation analysis system},
  school = {Georgetown University},
  categories = {intonation, automatic analysis},
  year = 1996
}
@article{renals-splett96,
  author = {S.~Renals},
  title = {Phone deactivation pruning in large vocabulary
                   continuous speech recognition},
  journal = {IEEE Signal Processing Letters},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {4--6},
  abstract = {In this letter we introduce a new pruning strategy for
                   large vocabulary continuous speech recognition based on
                   direct estimates of local posterior phone
                   probabilities. This approach is well suited to hybrid
                   connectionist/hidden Markov model systems. Experiments
                   on the Wall Street Journal task using a 20,000 word
                   vocabulary and a trigram language model have
                   demonstrated that phone deactivation pruning can
                   increase the speed of recognition-time search by up to
                   a factor of 10, with a relative increase in error rate
                   of less than 2\%.},
  categories = {wernicke,sprach,recognition,search,wsj,sheffield},
  ps = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1996/splett96.ps.gz},
  year = 1996
}
@incollection{Williams_1996_a,
  author = {Briony J. Williams},
  title = {The Status of Corpora as Linguistic Data},
  booktitle = {Working with Speech},
  publisher = {London: Longmans},
  editor = {G. Knowles, A. Wichmann \& P. Alderson},
  categories = {database},
  year = 1996
}
@incollection{Williams_1996_d,
  author = {B. Pickering and Briony J. Williams and G. Knowles},
  title = {Analysis of Transcriber Differences in the SEC},
  booktitle = {Working with Speech},
  categories = {intonation, synthesis},
  year = 1996
}
@inproceedings{taylor:shimodaira:isard:king:kowtko:icslp1996,
  author = {Paul A. Taylor and Hiroshi Shimodaira and Stephen
                   Isard and Simon King and Jacqueline Kowtko},
  title = {Using Prosodic Information to Constrain Language
                   Models for Spoken dialogue},
  booktitle = {Proc. {ICSLP} `96},
  address = {Philadelphia},
  abstract = {We present work intended to improve speech recognition
                   performance for computer dialogue by taking into
                   account the way that dialogue context and intonational
                   tune interact to limit the possibilities for what an
                   utterance might be. We report here on the extra
                   constraint achieved in a bigram language model
                   expressed in terms of entropy by using separate
                   submodels for different sorts of dialogue acts and
                   trying to predict which submodel to apply by analysis
                   of the intonation of the sentence being recognised.},
  categories = {asr, intonation, dialogue, lm,id4s},
  pdf = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1996/Taylor_1996_a.pdf},
  ps = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1996/Taylor_1996_a.ps},
  year = 1996
}
@inproceedings{Black_1996_c,
  author = {N. Campbell and Alan W. Black},
  title = {C{HATR}: a multi-lingual speech re-sequencing
                   synthesis system},
  booktitle = {Institute of Electronic, Information and Communication
                   Engineers},
  address = {Tokyo},
  categories = {synthesis, unit selection, chatr},
  year = 1996
}
@mastersthesis{McKenna_1996_a,
  author = {John McKenna},
  title = {Tone and INITIAL/FINAL Recognition for Mandarin
                   Chinese},
  school = {University of Edinburgh},
  categories = {},
  pdf = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1996/McKenna_1996_a.pdf},
  ps = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1996/McKenna_1996_a.ps},
  year = 1996
}
@mastersthesis{clark_msc96,
  author = {Robert A.J. Clark},
  title = {Internal and External Factors Affecting Language
                   Change: A Computational Model},
  school = {University of Edinburgh},
  categories = {lm},
  pdf = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1996/clark_msc96.pdf},
  ps = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1996/clark_msc96.ps},
  year = 1996
}
@inproceedings{fitt_icos96,
  author = {Sue Fitt},
  title = {Spelling unfamiliar names},
  booktitle = {Proc. International Congress of Onomastic Sciences
                   1996},
  abstract = {This paper will examine the written transcription of
                   unfamiliar spoken names. It is well documented that the
                   writing of personal and place names by people who are
                   unfamiliar with the spelling of the name contributes to
                   the evolution of names. The current paper describes a
                   study which examines the processes involved, using
                   experiments in which Scottish subjects are asked to
                   write down unfamiliar spoken British and European town
                   names.},
  categories = {names, onomastics, orthography, phonology},
  pdf = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1996/Fitt_1996_a.pdf},
  ps = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1996/Fitt_1996_a.ps},
  year = 1996
}
@inproceedings{kershaw-icslp96,
  author = {D.~Kershaw and T.~Robinson and S.~Renals},
  title = {The 1995 {Abbot} {LVCSR} system for multiple unknown
                   microphones},
  booktitle = {Proc. ICSLP},
  pages = {1325-1328},
  address = {Philadelphia PA},
  categories = {wernicke,sprach,wsj,recognition,am,hybrid,abbot,search,eval,sheffield},
  year = 1996
}
@incollection{Williams_1996_c,
  author = {Briony J. Williams and P. Alderson},
  title = {Synthesising {B}ritish {E}nglish intonation},
  booktitle = {Working with Speech},
  categories = {intonation, synthesis},
  year = 1996
}
@inproceedings{Black_1996_b,
  author = {Alan W. Black and Andrew Hunt},
  title = {Generating F0 Contours from {ToBI} Labels Using Linear
                   Regression},
  booktitle = {ICSLP96},
  volume = 3,
  pages = {1385-1388},
  address = {Philadelphia, PA.},
  categories = {synthesis, intonation, chatr},
  key = {Black \& Hunt},
  year = 1996
}
@manual{king:verbmobil1996c,
  title = {Users {M}anual for {V}erbmobil {T}eilprojekt 4.4},
  author = {Simon King},
  organization = {IKP, Universität Bonn},
  abstract = {Verbmobil English synthesiser users manual},
  categories = {},
  month = oct,
  year = 1996
}
@incollection{Williams_1996_b,
  author = {Briony J. Williams},
  title = {The formulation of an intonation transcription system
                   for {B}ritish {E}nglish},
  booktitle = {Working with Speech},
  publisher = {London: Longmans},
  editor = {G. Knowles, A. Wichmann \& P. Alderson},
  categories = {intonation},
  year = 1996
}
@incollection{robinson-yellowbook96,
  author = {T.~Robinson and M.~Hochberg and S.~Renals},
  title = {The use of recurrent networks in continuous speech
                   recognition},
  booktitle = {Automatic Speech and Speaker Recognition -- Advanced
                   Topics},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  editor = {C.-H.~Lee and K.~K.~Paliwal and F.~K.~Soong},
  pages = {233--258},
  abstract = {This chapter describes a use of recurrent neural
                   networks (ie, feedback is incorporated in the
                   computation) as an acoustic model for continuous speech
                   recognition. The form of the recurrent neural network
                   is described, along with an appropriate parameter
                   estimation procedure. For each frame of acoustic data,
                   the recurrent network generates an estimate of the
                   posterior probability of the possible phones given the
                   observed acoustic signal. The posteriors are then
                   converted into scaled likelihoods and used as the
                   observation probabilities within a conventional
                   decoding paradigm (eg, Viterbi decoding). The
                   advantages of the using recurrent networks are that
                   they require a small number of parameters and provide a
                   fast decoding capability (relative to conventional
                   large vocabulary HMM systems).},
  categories = {wernicke,sprach,wsj,recognition,am,hybrid,abbot,search,sheffield},
  ps = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1996/rnn4csr96.ps.gz},
  year = 1996
}
@inproceedings{renals-icassp96,
  author = {S.~Renals and M.~Hochberg},
  title = {Efficient evaluation of the {LVCSR} search space using
                   the {NOWAY} decoder},
  booktitle = {Proc IEEE ICASSP},
  pages = {149--152},
  address = {Atlanta},
  abstract = {This work further develops and analyses the large
                   vocabulary continuous speech recognition search
                   strategy reported at ICASSP-95. In particular, the
                   posterior-based phone deactivation pruning approach has
                   been extended to include phone-dependent thresholds and
                   an improved estimate of the least upper bound on the
                   utterance log-probability has been developed. Analysis
                   of the pruning procedures and of the search's
                   interaction with the language model has also been
                   performed. Experiments were carried out using the ARPA
                   North American Business News task with a 20,000 word
                   vocabulary and a trigram language model. As a result of
                   these improvements and analyses, the computational cost
                   of the recognition process performed by the Noway
                   decoder has been substantially reduced.},
  categories = {wernicke,sprach,recognition,wsj,search,sheffield},
  ps = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1996/icassp96.ps.gz},
  year = 1996
}
@inproceedings{kershaw-arpa96,
  author = {D.~Kershaw and T.~Robinson and S.~Renals},
  title = {The 1995 {Abbot} hybrid {connectionist--HMM} large
                   vocabulary recognition system},
  booktitle = {Proc. ARPA Spoken Language Technology Conference},
  pages = {93--99},
  categories = {wernicke,sprach,wsj,recognition,am,hybrid,abbot,search,eval,sheffield},
  year = 1996
}
@techreport{king:verbmobil1996b,
  author = {Simon King},
  title = {Inventory design for {V}erbmobil {T}eilprojekt 4.4},
  institution = {IKP, Universität Bonn},
  abstract = {Inventory design for Verbmobil English speech
                   synthesis},
  categories = {},
  month = oct,
  year = 1996
}
@phdthesis{Kowtko_1996_a,
  author = {Jacqueline Kowtko},
  title = {The Function of Intonation in Task-Oriented Dialogue},
  categories = {prosody, intonation, dialogue, id4s},
  pdf = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1996/Kowtko_1996_a.pdf},
  ps = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1996/Kowtko_1996_a.ps},
  year = 1996
}
@incollection{Campbell_1996_a,
  author = {N. Campbell and Alan W. Black},
  title = {Prosody and the Selection of Source Units for
                   Concatenative Synthesis},
  booktitle = {Progress in Speech Synthesis},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  editor = {van Santen, J. and Sproat, R. and Olive, J. and
                   Hirschberg, J.},
  pages = {279-282},
  categories = {synthesis, intonation, waveform generation, unit
                   selection, chatr},
  key = {Campbell \& Black},
  year = 1996
}
@inproceedings{Dusterhoff_1996_a,
  author = {K. Dusterhoff},
  title = {Using computational analysis to determine pitch accent},
  booktitle = {Proceedings Computational Linguistics in Montreal},
  pages = {1-4},
  categories = {intonation, automatic analysis},
  year = 1996
}
@incollection{Isard_S_1996,
  author = {A. Conkie and Stephen D. Isard},
  title = {Optimal Coupling of Diphones},
  booktitle = {Progress in Speech Synthesis},
  publisher = {Springer},
  editor = {Santen, J. P. H. and Sproat, R. W. and Olive, J. P.
                   and Hirschberg},
  categories = {synthesis, waveform generation},
  year = 1996
}
@inproceedings{strom96b,
  author = {V. Strom and C. Widera},
  title = {What's in the ``pure'' prosody?},
  booktitle = {Proc. ICSLP},
  address = {Philadelphia},
  abstract = {Detectors for accents and phrase boundaries have been
                   developed which derive prosodic features from the
                   speech signal and its fundamental frequency to support
                   other modules of a speech understanding system in an
                   early analysis stage, or in cases where no word
                   hypotheses are available. The detectors' underlying
                   Gaussian distribution classifiers were trained with 50
                   minutes and tested with 30 minutes of spontaneous
                   speech, yielding recognition rates of 74\% for accents
                   and 86\% for phrase boundaries. Since this material was
                   prosodically hand labelled, the question was, which
                   labels for phrase boundaries and accentuation were only
                   guided by syntactic or semantic knowledge, and which
                   ones are really prosodically marked. Therefore a small
                   test subset has been resynthesized in such a way that
                   comprehensibility was lost, but the prosodic
                   characteristics were kept. This subset has been
                   re-labelled by 11 listeners with nearly the same
                   accuracy as the detectors.},
  pdf = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1996/paper.icslp96.pdf},
  ps = {http://www.cstr.inf.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/1996/paper.icslp96.ps},
  year = 1996
}