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Outline
In order to cover the basic concepts of the "Phonetics and Phonology"
module, the following sections have been chosen as the main topics:
The phonetics part consists of the three phases of the speech communication
channel, namely the production, acoustics, and perception of speech. Although
the most important phenomena are listed as key words under only one topic
each, they can be seen from several different viewpoints. Due to the fact
that the focus is on processing acoustic data in the language and speech
area, speech acoustics is given greater prominence.
The phonology section comprises the fundamental terms introduced by
the Structuralists (such as phoneme and minimal pair), together with the
important concepts introduced by Generative Phonology (such as features
and rules), finishing with the basic innovations of non-linear theories
of the mental representation and formalisation of sound structures. In
the latter case, it is not only individual sound segments that are taken
into consideration, but also prosodic events such as phrasing and intonation.
Since it is important for the student to gain an understanding of how
acoustic material is organised and realised in particular languages, phonetics
and phonology are covered together in this area. The area thus represents
a bridge between the "language world" and the "speech world".
The Euromasters degree aims to bring both worlds closer together in the
student's understanding. This integrated understanding is of great importance
in the development of speech-driven applications.
Topics
- Speech production
- Sound source [C&Y 6.4 - 6.6, 7.11 - 7.12]
- Articulation [C&Y 6.7 - 6.11]
- Coarticulation [C&Y Ch. 4.1]
- Prosody [C&Y Ch. 9]
- Acoustic phonetics
- Fant's source-filter model [C&Y 7.10 & 7.18]
- Experimental methods and tools [C&Y 7.1 - 7.8] (see also Speech
Signal Processing)
- Acoustic properties of speech sounds [C&Y 7.15 - 7.19]
- Speech perception [C&Y Ch. 8] (see also Cognitive
Models of Language and Speech)
- Auditory system
- Psycho-acoustics
- Perception of speech units
- Taxonomic phonemics [C&Y Ch. 4]
- Phonemes and allophones
- Minimal pairs
- Syllable structure
- Phonological processes
- Distinctive features [C&Y Ch. 5 & 10]
- Jakobson: Acoustic features
- Generative Phonology
- Rules
- Non-linear phonology [C&Y Ch. 11]
- Autosegmental phonology
- Metrical phonology
- Other non-linear models (eg. feature geometry, dependency phonology)
References
- Borden, G., Harris, K.S., & Raphael,L.J. (1994): Speech Science
Primer. Physiology, Acoustics and Perception of Speech.Baltimore: Williams
& Wilkins.
- Carr, Philipp (1993): Phonology.Basingstoke: MacMillan.
- [C&Y]: Clark, John & Yallop, Colin (1995): An Introduction
to Phonetics and Phonology, Second edition. Oxford & Cambridge,
MA: Blackwell.
- Goldsmith, John (1989): Autosegmental and Metrical Phonology.Oxford:
Blackwell.
- Katamba, Francis (1989): An Introduction to Phonology.London:
Longman.
- Ladd, D. Robert (1996): Intonational Phonology. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
- Ladefoged, Peter (1993): A Course in Phonetics, Third edition.
Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
- Ladefoged, Peter (1996): Elements of Acoustic Phonetics, Second
edition. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press.
- Laver, John (1994): Principles of Phonetics. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
- Lieberman, P. & Blumstein, S.E. (1988): Speech Physiology, Speech
Perception and Acoustic Phonetics.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Spencer, Andrew (1996): Phonology. Oxford & Cambridge, MA:
Blackwell.
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